Fees

The Orderbook supports multiple fee types—protocol fees, royalties, and marketplace fees—that are automatically distributed when trades execute.

Fee Types

Fee	Recipient	Set By
Protocol Fee	Immutable	Fixed by protocol
Royalty Fee	NFT Creator	Set on NFT contract
Maker Fee	Listing marketplace	Order creator
Taker Fee	Filling marketplace	Order filler

How Fees Work

When a trade executes, fees are deducted from the payment. All fees are paid by the buyer, and the seller receives the sale price minus the deducted fees.

Fee Units: Fees are specified in the smallest unit of the currency (wei for native tokens, smallest decimal unit for ERC-20s). For example:

1 IMX = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 wei (18 decimals)
Fee of “10000000000000000” = 0.01 IMX

Fees are notional amounts, not percentages. If an order is partially filled, fees are automatically pro-rated by the orderbook.

Protocol Fee

The protocol fee is a small percentage that supports the Immutable ecosystem.

Network	Protocol Fee
Mainnet	2%
Testnet	2%

The protocol fee is non-negotiable and applies to all trades on the Orderbook.

Royalties

Royalties ensure creators earn from secondary sales. They’re set on the NFT contract and enforced by the Orderbook.

Setting Royalties

Royalties are configured when deploying your NFT contract. For complete setup instructions, see Deploying Contracts with Royalties and Royalty Configuration.

// In your ERC-721 contract
function royaltyInfo(uint256 tokenId, uint256 salePrice)
    external
    view
    returns (address receiver, uint256 royaltyAmount)
{
    // 5% royalty to the creator
    return (creatorAddress, (salePrice * 500) / 10000);
}

Typical Royalty Rates

Game Type	Typical Royalty
Gaming items	2-5%
Collectibles	5-10%
Art	5-15%

Royalty Enforcement:

Royalties must be implemented via the Operator Allowlist to be enforced
The orderbook automatically queries royalty information using the ERC-2981 interface when creating orders
Royalty amounts are re-validated during order fulfillment
zkEVM limitation: Royalties can only be paid to a single wallet address. If you need to split royalties among multiple wallets, contact your Immutable account manager about fee splitter contracts.

Marketplace Fees

Marketplaces can add their own fees on top of protocol fees and royalties.

Maker Fees

Set by the marketplace where the order is created:

const { result } = await orderbookClient.createListing({
  orderComponents: prepareListing.orderComponents,
  orderHash: prepareListing.orderHash,
  orderSignature: signature,
  makerFees: [
    {
      recipientAddress: MARKETPLACE_FEE_WALLET,
      amount: '10000000000000000', // 0.01 IMX flat fee
    },
  ],
});

Taker Fees

Set by the marketplace where the order is filled:

const { actions } = await orderbookClient.fulfillOrder(
  orderId,
  buyerAddress,
  [
    {
      recipientAddress: MARKETPLACE_FEE_WALLET,
      amount: '10000000000000000', // 0.01 IMX flat fee
    },
  ]
);

Maker vs Taker Fee Flexibility

Fee Type	When Set	Can Change?
Maker Fee	At listing creation	❌ Immutable - To change, must cancel and recreate listing
Taker Fee	At order fulfillment	✅ Flexible - Can be different for each fulfillment

Maker = Liquidity provider (creates order, adds to orderbook) Taker = Liquidity consumer (fills order, removes from orderbook)Marketplaces typically charge makers lower fees to incentivize listing creation.

ERC-1155 Partial Fill Fee Rules

For ERC-1155 tokens that support partial fills, taker fees must reflect the full order amount, not the partial fill amount:

// ❌ WRONG: Scaling fee for partial fill
const listing = { sell: { amount: '10' }, buy: { amount: '1000000000000000000' } }; // 10 items at 0.1 IMX each
const amountToFill = '5'; // Buying 5 of 10
const takerFee = '5000000000000000'; // 0.005 IMX (scaled) - INCORRECT

// ✅ CORRECT: Fee for full order amount
const takerFee = '10000000000000000'; // 0.01 IMX (1% of full order) - CORRECT
// The orderbook will automatically pro-rate this to 0.005 IMX for the partial fill

For ERC-1155 orders, always provide taker fees for the complete order, even when partially filling. The orderbook automatically pro-rates the fee based on the quantity executed. Setting a scaled-down fee will result in incorrect marketplace compensation.

Fee Validation and Expiration

When fulfilling an order, the orderbook provides up-to-date fee information and validates all fees server-side:

const { actions, order, expiration } = await orderbookClient.fulfillOrder(
  orderId,
  buyerAddress,
  [] // taker fees array
);

console.log({
  order: order,           // Order with CURRENT fees (may differ from listing query)
  expiration: expiration  // Transaction must be submitted within 3 minutes
});

// User must complete transaction before expiration
// After 3 minutes, request new fulfillment data

Important Fee Timing Rules:

Fee changes: Fees at fulfillment time may differ from when the order was queried (e.g., promotional periods with reduced protocol fees)
3-minute expiration: Transaction data expires 3 minutes after generation. After expiration, request new fulfillment data with updated fees.
Display to users: Always show users the final fee breakdown from the fulfillOrder response before they sign, not from the listing query.

Percentage-Based Fees

Calculate fees as a percentage of the order value:

function calculateFee(orderAmount: string, percentageBps: number): string {
  // BPS = basis points (100 bps = 1%)
  const amount = BigInt(orderAmount);
  const fee = (amount * BigInt(percentageBps)) / BigInt(10000);
  return fee.toString();
}

// 2.5% marketplace fee
const fee = calculateFee(listing.buy.amount, 250);

const { actions } = await orderbookClient.fulfillOrder(
  orderId,
  buyerAddress,
  [{ recipientAddress: MARKETPLACE_WALLET, amount: fee }]
);

Fee Splitting

Distribute fees to multiple recipients:

const makerFees = [
  {
    recipientAddress: PLATFORM_WALLET,
    amount: calculateFee(price, 100), // 1% to platform
  },
  {
    recipientAddress: AFFILIATE_WALLET,
    amount: calculateFee(price, 50),  // 0.5% to affiliate
  },
];

await orderbookClient.createListing({
  // ...
  makerFees,
});

Displaying Fees to Users

Show users the fee breakdown before they trade:

interface FeeBreakdown {
  protocolFee: bigint;
  royalty: bigint;
  makerFee: bigint;
  takerFee: bigint;
  sellerReceives: bigint;
}

function calculateFeeBreakdown(
  salePrice: bigint,
  royaltyBps: number,
  makerFeeBps: number,
  takerFeeBps: number
): FeeBreakdown {
  const protocolFee = (salePrice * 200n) / 10000n; // 2%
  const royalty = (salePrice * BigInt(royaltyBps)) / 10000n;
  const makerFee = (salePrice * BigInt(makerFeeBps)) / 10000n;
  const takerFee = (salePrice * BigInt(takerFeeBps)) / 10000n;
  
  const sellerReceives = salePrice - protocolFee - royalty - makerFee;
  
  return { protocolFee, royalty, makerFee, takerFee, sellerReceives };
}

Example UI

You're selling: Sword of Power #123
Price: 1.00 IMX

Fee Breakdown:
  Protocol Fee (2%):     -0.02 IMX
  Creator Royalty (5%):  -0.05 IMX
  Marketplace Fee (1%):  -0.01 IMX
  ─────────────────────────────────
  You'll receive:         0.92 IMX

Fee Limits

Fee Type	Maximum
Royalty	10% recommended, contract-defined
Maker Fee	No protocol limit
Taker Fee	No protocol limit
Total Fees	Should not exceed sale price

Keep total fees reasonable (under 15%) to maintain a healthy marketplace. High fees discourage trading.

Next Steps

Create Listings

Set maker fees when creating listings

Fill Orders

Add taker fees when buying NFTs

Bulk Operations

Calculate fees for shopping carts

Royalties Guide

Configure royalties on your contracts

PRODUCTS

GUIDES

Fee Types

How Fees Work

Protocol Fee

Royalties

Setting Royalties

Typical Royalty Rates

Marketplace Fees

Maker Fees

Taker Fees

Maker vs Taker Fee Flexibility

ERC-1155 Partial Fill Fee Rules

Fee Validation and Expiration

Percentage-Based Fees

Fee Splitting

Displaying Fees to Users

Example UI

Fee Limits

Next Steps

Create Listings

Fill Orders

Bulk Operations

Royalties Guide

PRODUCTS

GUIDES

​Fee Types

​How Fees Work

​Protocol Fee

​Royalties

​Setting Royalties

​Typical Royalty Rates

​Marketplace Fees

​Maker Fees

​Taker Fees

​Maker vs Taker Fee Flexibility

​ERC-1155 Partial Fill Fee Rules

​Fee Validation and Expiration

​Percentage-Based Fees

​Fee Splitting

​Displaying Fees to Users

​Example UI

​Fee Limits

​Next Steps

Create Listings

Fill Orders

Bulk Operations

Royalties Guide

Fee Types

How Fees Work

Protocol Fee

Royalties

Setting Royalties

Typical Royalty Rates

Marketplace Fees

Maker Fees

Taker Fees

Maker vs Taker Fee Flexibility

ERC-1155 Partial Fill Fee Rules

Fee Validation and Expiration

Percentage-Based Fees

Fee Splitting

Displaying Fees to Users

Example UI

Fee Limits

Next Steps